Ko te tere tere o te tipu o te tāone e pēhi ana i ngā kaiwhakaturuki tāone kia mārama ake ki te whakahaere i ngā herehere. Neke atu i te haurua o te ao e noho ana i ngā tāone ānei rā anō e ai ki ngā raraunga o te Pūtea Whakawhitinga Tūmatanui mai i te tau ki muri, arā ko te tikanga he nui te hiahia ki ngā punaha hiko e mahi pai ana ahakoa iti noa te wāhi. Hei tauira, ko ngā huinga takotoranga ā-waho tūmatanui e hiahiatia ana i waenganui i te 400 ki te 600 mita tapawhā wāhi. Ko te rahi o tēnei momo wāhi e muhu ana i ngā tāone nui e taea ai te utu tētahi mita tapawhā e $1,200 neke atu rānei e ai ki te Ripoata a 2023 o te Rōpū Whenua Tāone. Nō reira i te raruraru wāhi, kei te huri maha ngā wāhi ki ngā RMU iti. E tuku ana ēnei kapa i te rite tonu te rahi o te tukatuka hiko engari ka pau anake i te 85% iti ake te wāhi i ngā kowae tūmatanui, arā he whakataunga āhuatia mō ngā taiao tāone kīato.
Ko ngā RMU kōpaki hou e noho ana i te 12–15 mita tapawhā, tērā i te papa 50–75 mita tapawhā mō ngā taputapu totohu tūmatanui. Mā te hoahoa āhuatanga ka taea te whakapae pūmau ki runga, engari kāore i te roa horizonti—he mea matua nui mō ngā whakaurunga parirau i ngā whare teitei. Ko ngā tauira inani karaihe e whakamahi ana i te hangarau SF6 ka eke ki te 30% ake i ngā tātaitanga irairanga i roto i ngā pouaka 40% iti ake i ngā kōwhiringa inani hau.
Ko te MRT Downtown Line kei Singapōra, ko te Oshiage Substation kei Tōkiō e whakaatu ana i te hurihanga o ngā rohe tāone i ngā RMU ki raro i te whenua. Ko te nuinga o ngā tāone rahi inaianei e whakauru ana i te 72 ōrau o ngā mahi hiko hou katoa ki ngā paparangi, ki ngā whare puranga maha-rangi rānei, ā, e ai ki te Pūrongo Hiko Tāone IEEE hou no 2024. Ko ēnei RMU iti heke kei a rātou te painga IP67 me ngā rūma motuhake kore-puta e taea ai te mahi haumaru ahakoa kei ngā wāhi iti rawa atu kei reira he raru tonu te pāwera. Ahakoa ngā wero katoa nei, ka tino eke tonu rātou ki te inenga matua 99.98% o te whakapauwhenua e mōhiotia ana e katoa hei ratonga mātatau.
Ko ngā RMU Iti Heke (Ring Main Units) e whakatika ana i ngā here wāhi mā te toru ngā huringa hinengaro e whakarāwekanga anō ai i te mariko o te hanganga hiko tāone.
Ko ngā RMU kōpaki hou anuanu ko ngā hoahoa tapa e kuhu ana i ngā tapatoru ara, ngā piko, me ngā rīhita tiakina katoa ki roto i tētahi pouaka kua oti te hanga. E ai ki te rangahau i tūhuratia tau kua pahure ake mō ngā whanaketanga o ngā tapatoru ara, kaiteka ngā punaha hou nei i waenganui i te 40 ki te 60 ōrau o ngā tuhaurangi me ngā hanganga tautoko e hiahiatia ana mō ngā tohu takotoranga. Ko te āhuatanga e pai ana ko te taea e ngā kamupene hiko te whakarerekē i ā rātou whakaritenga taputapu huri noa i ngā wāhi iti pērā i ngā whare pūngao raro whenua, i ngā ara pūngao narrow tonu, ā, āhua tonu pea te mahi katoa o ō rātou taputapu. I kite ētahi hinengaro mara i tēnei aronga e pai ake ana te whakauru i ngā mahi hoki.
Mā te whakamahi i te kikorangi SF6 engari i te whakamaroke hau, ka eke ngā RMU kōpaki hou ki te kaha dielectric ōrite ki ngā kōpaki 65% iti ake i ngā hoahoa tīmatanga. I whakaatu ai ngā rangahau hou ko ngā kapa e mau ana i te SF6 e whai mahi ana ki te painga o te 25 kV i roto i ngā rūma e neke ana i te 0.8m³—he mea matua nui mō ngā whakaurunga ki muri i ngā mata toa hokohoko, i roto hoki i ngā roro wāwahi o ngā tōrearea metro.
Ko ngā RMU iti he rautaki matua herekanga mō ngā tāone e tipu ana ki te maunga, nā reira i whai wāhi ai ngā rautaki tukatuka hiko iti kaua ko ngā taputapu tukatuka arataki. E ai ki te rangahau i whāia e te Urban Power Study i te tau 2023, kei te waru o ngā tekau ngā whanaketanga hokowhenua hou e whai ake nei e whakauru ana i ngā whakaritenga mō ngā RMU iti ki ō rātou rūma hiko. Ko te take? He whakawhitinga takotoranga āhuahua ō enei taputapu e mahi pai ana i runga i ētahi anuanu papa. Anō hoki, e whakaatu ana ngā whakamātautau ko rātou e āki ai i ngā harwaretanga pai ake, e 16% te whakapai ake i ngā hoahoa pūnaha tawhito ina heke ana ngā mea. Ko te whakapono ki tēnei momo kaupapa he mea matua nui ki ngā taiao tāone ti'etia kei hea te utu mō te wā kore mahi.
Ko ēnei rautaki penapena wāhi e kingi ana i te hanganga hōhonu, kei hea rMU iti 1.2 mita te whānui whakauru huarahi mātātoa kia haumaru i ngā tōreka rerepuhi me te kore e whakangāwari i te wāhi hikoi. Ko te hanga ki te pūtau hau e aukati ana i te vīmuri e maroke ai ngā wāhi e taea ai te tai ārai, ka iti ake ngā utu tiaki whakatikatika, e $18,000 inaianei ia tau mā ia whakaurunga mō te mātātoko hau.
Ka whakamahia e ngā tūhura kāinga ngā RMU iti kia whakatāpiipii i ngā rerekētanga tuarua tawhito kei ngā pokapū tāone tūturu i reira e whakaaetia ana e te ture te taputapu runga whenua. Ko ngā porowhita tirotiro kua amohia e tuku ana korero mō te tauritekanga tāpoi mō 4–6 ngā raina arataki i te wā kotahi, hei aukati i ngā taru taru i ngā rohe e neke ake ana te kotahi o te hiko i te 5 MW/km² (Te Pūrongo Grida Ao 2024).
Ko ngā RMU i te āhua tahumaero e tuku ana i te whakapono pakari nā te mea he māma ake te hoahoa me te iti ake te tau o ngā wāhanga e ngohe ana i te nuinga atu i ngā kōwhiringa taputapu hurihuri. Ko te whakamātau pūmau me te hangarau kāpene vacuum ka aronga kia kaua e whakahaerehia anō, pērā i te panonitanga hinu, ka taea pea te penapena moni mahi i te wā e 40% rānei, ā, e whakaatu ana ngā ripihana tinihanga mō te ahumahi. He nui ngā āhuatanga hoahoa nei i te whakaiti i ngā herenga kei roto i ngā whatunga hiko taiepa. Heoi anō, he mea nui te whakauru i te hiko tonu ki ngā rohe kīato, kei hea anō pea ngā wā poto ka hua ai ngā raru nui mō ngā pakihi me ngā kainoho.
Ko ngā ara tinihanga whakatangata kua whakauruhia ki ngā RMU hōu e wehe ana i ngā whakararu roto i te 50 miriara, ka aukati i ngā herenga herenga puta noa i ngā whatunga. Ko tēnei urupare tere ka whakanui ake i te haumātanei o te kaimahi mā te heke i ngā rūpahu arc-flash, ā, ka iti ai te wā takitahi 80% i ngā tūmau raro whenua, kei reira ko ngā whakatikatika ā-ringa e hiahiatia ana ngā tikanga whakauru herenga.
Ko ngā RMU kōpaki hou ka tūhono ki ngā paparanga whakahaere e taea ai te hononga IoT, e āwhina ana i ngā mātanga ki te arotake i ngā mea katoa e happening ana i te wā poto, me te whakatika i ngā huinga hiko mai anō i ō rātou pokapū whakahaere matua. Kāore he hiahia kia haere haere ngā kaimahi tāone i waenganui i ngā wāhi rerekē o te whatunga, nā te mea e taea ana e rātou te whakahaere i ētahi atu wāhi tukatuka kotahi anō, ina kaua e wareware te āhua o ngā uta e taraiwa ana i te pūnaha. Hei nui ake te whakahaere tawhito mō ngā tāone nui e nui ake ai te pūmahara ki te pumau o te hiko i ngā wā o ngā rā wera, ā, ko ngā pūnaha hinonga ka tuku iho i ngā tohu whakapae i te wā e timata ana ngā wāhanga e whakaatu ana i te wareware, arā ka taea e ngā kaiwhakamātao te whakatika i ngā raruraru i mua i te nuinga o ngā take kei ngā tāone kīato e struggle ana me te whatunga tawhito.
Ko ngā RMU iti heke ake te wāhi e mau ana, ka iti noa ai ngā utu mō te keri me te mahi takotoranga, e te 60% i te nuinga o ngā whakaurunga taputapu arataki. Ko ēnei pouaka e 40% iti ake i ngā mea e kitea ana matou i ia wā, nō reira kāore hiahiatia te tino keri i ngā huarahi, neke atu rānei te whakakaha i ngā hanganga mō ngā kaupapa tāone. He mea nui tēnei āhua paku, engari kei ngā wāhi e tini ngā pīpoi me ngā kawhe kua pakaru ki raro, i ngā wāhi hoki e iti ana te wāhi kei waenganui i ngā whare. E ai ki ngā rangahau hou a te tau e pā ana ki ngā pūpahi hiko, ko ngā tāone i huri ki ēnei punaha iti i tango moni, i waenganui i te $180 ki te $240 mō ia waahanga rārangi i whakamahia i ō rātou whakapai ake i te tukutuku hiko.
Koinekoi ana ngā RMU iti i ngā wā whakauru ki te 30 ki te 50 ōrau nā te mea kei a rātou ngā rāwekenga kua hangaia i mua e tino whakahaere ana i ngā tautohe pūmahara. Mā te tukanga tere ake nei, ka taea e ngā kamupene herehere te whakauru i ngā paringa katoa o te tāone ki runga i te ipurangi i roto anō i te 6 ki te 8 wiki kaua ko te inu marama, ā, e āhua pai ana ki ngā wāhanga poto e wātea ana i ngā tāone. Anō hoki, ko te hoahoa rāwekenga aronga kia kaua ngā kaitūhono e huringa i te mea katoa ina whānui ake te kapai. Tāpiri anake i ngā ara hou ranei, whakapai ake i ngā punaha whai mōhio rānei e hiahiatia ana, ka pērā ai ngā whakaurunga tuatahi e roa ake ai, āhuareka rawa atu ki ngā wāhi e tipu haere ana te tāone.
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