Ko ngā Kapa Pātene Ruaumoni Paerangi, i te tīmatanga e mōhiotia ana hei RMU, he rāwekenga iti ake engari he kaha ki te wehewehe i te hiko ki ngā tāone me ngā rohe ahumahi. Ko te mea e tīmata ai ko te whakauru katoa i roto i tētahi wāhi kotahi pērā i ngā taputapu takirua parahaki, ngā taputapu takirua uara, me ētahi atu taputapu tirotiro. Ko te kaupapa o tēnei whakaritenga he penapena wāhi, engari anō he mahi tika me ngā punaha tawhito e noho ana kei reira. Mō ngā kamupene whai hiko e ngana ana kia whakahou i ō rātou punaha tukutuku mai i ngā tau tekau maha, ko tēnei momo rāwekenga iti he mea matua herekore ina heke te wāhi me te pūtea.
Ngā whatunga mātārae e mahi ana i waenganui i te 6.6 kV ki te 33 kV e whai wāhi ana ki ngā raru katoa pērā i ngā panoni tōha, ngā hiwha arca kino, me ērā atu hapa kua pā atu ki te katoa o ngā punaha. E hiahiatia ana e ngā whatunga hiko anuanu nei ngā taputapu whakamuri pai ake e taea ai te tango i ērā hiko hapa nui 25 kA i mua i te pānga, ina koa te mutu i roto i te 50 miriona hāora noa. I tētahi rangahau hou i tūhuratia i te Pūrongo Tōpapatanga Whatunga 2024 i kitea he mea hāpai: neke atu i te toru hauwhā o ngā whatunga e pakaru ana i ngā rohe tāone makere kei te uaua te wā ki te wehe i ngā hapa. Ko te wā e tū ake ai ngā Kapa Matapihi Porowhita (RMUs) hei take matua, nā rātou hoki ngā āhuatanga tūmatata e awhina ana i te takotoranga matua nei o te tiaki.
E toru ngā papatono e whakatairanga ana i te galuega o te RMU:
I whakaatu tētahi tātari hou ko ngā RMU e whakamahia ana ngā rereta tau e penapena ana i te takotoranga hapa 63% mā te whakarerekē i ngā tauira electromechanical, ka pai ake te whakapauwhenua.
Ko te nuinga o ngā kaiwhakahaere e whakauru ana i ngā RMU āhua-paraikete rua me te SF‚, te whakamaukau ranei, ā, e uru ana ki te IEC 62271-105. Ko ngā punaha nei e totohe ana ki te mōhiotia i te hapa—ina pakaru tētahi kaihono, ka huri anō te awhe awhe trīpūka i te huarahi arataki roa i roto i te 300 ms. Ko ngā tohu noa e pupuri ana i te <0.5% pōkai toto i te wā o ngā huri, ā, e tutuki ana i ngā paerewa kounga hiko EN 50160.
Ko ngā RMU mātātoa hiko ka whakamahi i ngā kaiwhakaatu matataki me ngā tapa hiko hei kimi whara i roto i te 50 miriara-20% tere ake i ngā punaha pūnaha tawhito (Te Rōpū Rangahau Hiko o Europi 2023). I ngā whatunga porowhita, e āki ai te wehe anuanu me te pupuri ake i te pūmahara o te tohatoha mō ngā rohe kore whara.
I te wā e kitea ana te whara, ka whakarahi anō te hiko ngā tapa tāpoi i ngā ara kē atu i roto i te 300 ms, ka iti ake te pānga o te tāwhai ki hea ake i te 0.5% o ngā kaiwhakamahi i ngā wā o ngā whara aratohu. Ko ngā kaiwhakahaere aunoa e matua whakanui ana i ngā hanganga matua, pērā i ngā hōhipera, mā te whirihora i ngā ara rere.
He 62% koretake ake ngā wāhi tūmatanui (>5 miniti) i ngā tāone hihiri e whakamahi ana i ngā Kuinga RMU mā te tūhuratanga i te tau 2023 mō ngā kaitūhono hiko o te tāone 47. Kei te āwhina te hangarau i ngā whatunga whakapono ake me te whakakaha i ngā utu whakahaere mā $740k ia tau mō ia 100,000 kaiwhiwhi (Ponemon 2023).
Ko ngā kuinga RMU mā te piko te tuhaurangi mō te tukatuka pakari mā te whakawhanaketanga i ngā takotoranga whatunga porowhita. E tuku ana ēnei hoahoa i ngā ara hiko whai take, e āwhina ai i te wehe i te hapa kia kore ai e tūpato te ratonga. I rite kore ki ngā pūnaha pūrere, ko ngā whatunga hōtaka porowhita e whakaroa ana i ngā wāhi kotahi e tino kino ana—i te rangahau IEC 2022, i kitea he 42% koretake ake ngā wāhi hiko kore e tino hiahiatia ana i ngā whatunga e tautokona ana e ngā porowhita RMU.
I te wa o ngā hapa, ka whakarerekē aunoa ngā RMU i te whatunga mā te whakatuwhera, whakaputa rānei i ngā taputapu takirua hiko me ngā taraka uta. Ka taea e tēnei whakahaere tuarangi te huri i te hiko ki roto i ētahi wātapu, ka iti ake ai te wā kore mahi. Hei tauira, i te wa o te hinga o te kaihuri hiko, ka neke ngā RMU i ngā uta ki ngā wāhanga e noho ana tātou, i te wehe haumanu i te kauwekenga hapa.
Kua whakauruhia e te rohe o Shibuya i Tōkiō ngā 48 RMU waenga i te tohumātua i mua i te wā o ngā pakanga tai i te tau 2023, ka penapena ai i te 79% te roa o ngā wā kore hiko ahakoa kua piki ake ngā take hapa 35%. I Ōseul, i te aronga anō tēnei kaupapa, ka iti ake te wā kore mahi i ngā pakanga tai 62%, kātahi ka tuhia tēnei ki tētahi tūhuratanga māia o ngā pūnaha hiko o ngā tāone .
Āwhina ngā RMU hōu i te rere hiko ki te tātā, he mea matua nui hei whakauru i ngā pātaka rāwhiti me ngā pokapoka tūhono hiko mō ngā inuhi EV. Ka taea e tēnei uara te taurite i te uta, te whakaae hoki ki te hāngai ā-whenua, āwhina ai i te whakapai ake i te whatunga tukatuka i ngā kaupapa hurihuri hiko.
Kua tiakina ngā whatunga e ngā RMU mātārangi trūwhai tini. Ko ngā kāhua tinihanga arcahau e āhua ana i ngā arcahau kino i roto i te 3 mirimitika ( Fuji Electric 2023 ), pērā anō ko ngā taputapu whakarereka wera-hiko e mataara ana i ngā hiko hapa e taea ana e 25 kA. Ko tēnei takotoranga tuarua e whakarite ana i te <3% te pōkai hiko i te wā o ngā tāpiritanga poto, kia mau tonu ai te haerenga mō ngā taputapu i raro ake.
Ko ngā relay pūpahirotoroi e tātai ana i ngā wehe hiko me ngā tauwātanga harmonic, e tāpeke ana i te 99.2% te tika ki te wehe i ngā hapa pono i ngā pikitanga poto (IEC 62271-2023). Mā te mātātoko ki ngā relay electromechanical, kaite 47% te itinga o ngā whakarerekē kore take. Ko te anga whakamātau ake e mātai ana i te kounga o te relay ia 15 meneti, e whakarite ana i te rongoānga tonu.
Ko ngā RMU matatau e whakamahi ana i te hononga rohe-kōwhiri kia urupare ai te tiaki i runga i ngā wāhanga, ka taea te penapena i te wā katoa e 58% atu kei te kī tonu te kowhiringa whakakaha—he mea matua nui ki ngā whatunga e waru neke atu rānei ngā takotoranga. Ko ngā inihini takawaenga e whai painga ana i IEC 61850 e whakahaere ana i ngā tautuhinga mō te 15 anō ngā āhuatanga kaua ko te tākarotia, ka whai waiponu ai ngā mahi.
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Whakarato te Kamupene Hiko Greenpower Zhejiang Co., Ltd i ngā taputapu whakamarumaru mātai kaha tikangia mō ngā tono kirikiri ki te kirikiri-teitei. Ko ō mātou pūkenga R&D me te hoko takotoranga kotahi e hoatu ana i ngā rautaki haumaru, uaua, me te penapena kaha e pono ana ngā kiritaki o te ao. Tonoa he utu ināianei.
